Specific objectives.
Electric field.
Lines of force.
Types of electric field.
Strong field.
Weak field.
Uniform field.
Characteristics of lines of force.
Force on a charged body.
F Q1Q2
F
The field patterns.
Field patterns.
Distribution of charges on a charged body.
Results.
Effect of high concentration of charges at the sharp point.
Charges on a sharp point.
Observation.
Discussion.
Explanation.
Lightning arrestor.
How it works.
The arrestor is erected near the building with the sharp point over the structure and the metal plate to the ground. During thunderstorm, the ground and the cloud are oppositely charged. If the cloud is negatively charged, the ground and the arrestor are positively charged. There are high concentration of charges of the spitos of the arrestors which develop a strong field. The strong field ionizes the air around. The point attracts all the negative ions from the air and conducts them to the ground. The positive ions are attracted by the cloud hence discharging it. This lowers electric field between the ground and the cloud to a level that lightning can occur through the building.
Charge on a hollow conductor.
Capacitor.
Types of capacitors.
Charging of a capacitor.
Discharging a capacitor.
Capacitance.
Q V
Q = KV
Q = CV
Q = CV
C = SI units = farad (f)
Factors affecting capacitance.
C
C =
whereis dielectric constant when the material is air
SI unit = f/m
Capacitance network.
Parallel arrangement.
Example.
Three capacitors of capacitance C1, C2 and C3 are connected in parallel.
Total charge Q = Q1 + Q2 + Q3
But QT = CT VT
Q1 = C1 V Q2 = C2 V Q3 = C3 V
QT= CT VT = C1V + C2 V + C3 V
CT VT = V(C1 + C2 + C3)
CT = C1 + C2 + C3
Series arrangement.
Total voltage V = V + V
Energy stored in a capacitor.
Q V
Q= CV
Uses of capacitors.
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